Internet of Things RFID school bus safety management technology allows school buses to travel safely

In our country, school buses mainly refer to the means of transportation specially used by underage students in kindergartens, primary schools, and middle schools. Due to the general lack of safety awareness among young children and primary school students, the most important thing for school bus safety is traffic safety. There are potential traffic safety hazards such as overloading, speeding, drivers driving illegally, fatigue driving, etc., as well as potential damage to school buses from other vehicles traveling on the highway. Secondly, school bus safety also includes the personal safety of students inside the vehicle when the school bus is running, the mechanical and electrical safety of the vehicle, etc.

Internet of Things technology integrates sensing, remote communication, network, computer information system and other technologies. Utilizing radio frequency identification, global satellite positioning, geographic information systems, and network technologies at the core of the Internet of Things technology, comprehensive real-time monitoring of school bus mechanical and electrical safety, driving safety, driver safety, and student safety can be achieved, providing a basis for school bus safety. Management provides the most timely and accurate basic data. And IoT technology has already matured in traffic safety. Among them, RFID is the main carrier of Internet of Things applications. RFID technology is mainly used for identification in school bus safety management systems. In school bus safety management, geographic information systems can describe vehicle driving trajectories in the form of graphics, display road traffic conditions, locate accident points, dispatch emergency rescue, and provide traffic command plans, etc.

The school bus safety management system is generally divided into three subsystems, corresponding to three integrated work platforms, namely the school bus onboard subsystem (onboard platform), the school bus school management subsystem (daily management platform), and the departmental school bus supervision subsystem (supervision platform).

The main data within each platform of the school bus safety management system and between platforms are: (1) GPS data of the vehicle, based on which the vehicle speed and running trajectory can be calculated; (2) Personnel RFID information, based on which real-time information can be obtained Basic information about the number of passengers and each student on the bus; (3) Mechanical and electrical data when the vehicle is running. This data can be compared with normal vehicle parameters to determine the safety status of the school bus and provide early warning for abnormal situations; ( 4) In-car video information, including real-time in-car conditions, the work of drivers and on-board teachers, students getting on and off and parents picking up and dropping off, etc.; (5) Geographic information, traffic conditions, text information (such as weather information, special notices) etc.), regulatory directives, etc.

The school bus on-board subsystem mainly includes RFID Readers, GPS receiving equipment, video monitoring facilities, alarm devices and wireless communication devices. High-performance school buses can be retrofitted with vehicle mechanical and electrical performance sensing equipment. The vehicle subsystem is the most basic component of the school bus safety management system. It not only transmits important real-time raw data, but also accepts control information from the management platform. In order to ensure the smooth operation and convenient operation of the vehicle subsystem, the vehicle subsystem should be integrated into an overall operating platform. The vehicle platform mainly integrates the following facilities:

(1) RFID device: The vehicle-mounted RFID reader automatically obtains the accurate number of people getting on and off the bus through the electronic wristband worn by the student; reads the identity of the driver and the escorting teacher RIFD. When parents pick up their children, read the ID number held by the parents It can identify RFID Cards from a distance and allow drivers and teachers to obtain parent information through voice to avoid counterfeiting and wrong connections. The actual number of people in the bus is displayed in an appropriate position with eye-catching numbers to avoid the unexpected situation of leaving children on the bus when the school bus is stopped.

(2) Video surveillance equipment: Video collection and storage are completed through cameras installed at key locations in the car, and the video data is sent to the school management center through the 3G high-speed wireless communication network.

(3) GPS equipment: obtain the real-time dynamic spatial coordinate information of the school bus operation and transmit it to the system for processing and calculation.

(4) Wireless communication device: Choose a 3G high-speed wireless communication network to ensure smooth signals and complete video data transmission with huge traffic.

(5) Alarm system: Automatic alarm, automatic braking and deceleration when vehicle mechanical or electrical failure occurs; alarm and automatic activation of fire extinguishing device in case of fire; automatic call-in with 110, 120 and other public alarm systems in dangerous situations; manual alarm button, In special circumstances, the driver sends an alarm signal to the school management center.

The school management platform mainly completes the daily management of school buses and uploads school bus operation data to the supervision platform in real time. The school bus school management subsystem network adopts the model of 3G mobile communication network + high-speed broadband network (twisted pair or optical fiber high-speed star Ethernet). The wireless communication network is used to realize data transmission with the mobile school bus platform, and the connection with the supervision system of relevant government departments is realized through the high-speed broadband network. The school management subsystem uses multiple computers to form a local area network to complete the reception of video surveillance information, GPS tracking and positioning, and real-time reception of personnel and vehicle information in parallel. The main functions of the school management platform are:

(1) Vehicle GPS positioning tracking

Receive the geographical coordinate information sent by the vehicle GPS to locate and track the school bus. Qualified schools can add GIS geographic information systems to automatically display positioning information on electronic maps. Administrators can obtain the exact location, speed, driving path, etc. of the school bus. Ensure that school buses drive during normal hours and designated routes to prevent speeding, unauthorized changes to driving routes, etc.

(2) Sending and receiving text messages

It can send warning messages to remind the driver of abnormal driving of school buses, and can also send and receive temporary short messages, notifications and other text messages, such as weather, road conditions, abnormal situations, etc.

(3) RFID information management

Including the issuance, data entry, update, etc. of various RFID cards. This function is the most important function in the school bus safety management system and can well reflect the benefits of applying Internet of Things technology in school bus safety management.

The RFID cards required by the system mainly include driver cards, staff cards, student bus cards, and parent pick-up and drop-off cards. Among them, the driver's card and the staff's card use RFID cards that can be read at close range. Staff cards can be subdivided into cards for school leaders, school bus safety inspection attendants, and bus escorts. The RFID cards of faculty, staff, and drivers can also be used for electronic attendance, Access Control, system authorization, etc. Electronic wristbands are used for student bus passes, especially for kindergarten children, which are easy to wear and use. Student RFID cards contain their name, gender, age, class, home address, contact information, photos, etc. The parent card uses an RFID card that can be read from a long distance so that parents can identify their identity without getting in the car. In order to ensure that the child is delivered to the parents safely and correctly, it is best to adopt the "dual card matching" security mechanism, that is, only when the information on the parent card and the student card worn by the child are consistent, the parent is allowed to pick up the child. Due to the RFID card, the detailed information of students getting on and off the bus and parents picking up and dropping off can be automatically recorded by the system.

An important function of this module is to dynamically obtain the actual number of people on the vehicle to prevent overloading. At the same time, by comparing the bus data of students registered with the school to prevent students from missing or missing stops, or being forgotten in the car.

(4) Home-school contact: mainly for schools/parents to publish/query school bus operation status, student riding status, etc. through the Internet, text messages, phone calls, etc.

(5) System maintenance: basic information entry, user rights management, data statistics, analysis and other functions.

The safety supervision subsystem is used by supervision departments, such as education authorities, safety supervision, traffic police, etc. Through the supervision platform, the supervision department can obtain the real-time number of passengers, video, vehicle ownership of the school, vehicle speed and other information of all school buses operating within the jurisdiction, and issue supervision opinions to the school management center; with the help of administrative region GIS electronic map, traffic management and command information Through the system, the regulatory authorities can also check the operating routes of school buses in the area, conduct reasonable traffic command based on traffic conditions, and provide convenient traffic conditions for school buses.

School bus safety is related to thousands of households, affecting family happiness and social stability. Internet of Things technology has mature application experience in transportation, public transportation and other fields similar to school bus operations. Therefore, the development and application of school bus safety management systems based on Internet of Things technology has practical significance and feasibility. The use of advanced Internet of Things technology can give full play to the rigid and "selfless" characteristics of technical means and build an important technological protective wall for school bus safety.