Fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics need to rely on Internet of Things technology to achieve quality and quantity circulation.

The application of Internet of Things technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics can realize information transparency between regulatory authorities, fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics enterprises, and consumers, and achieve the purpose of querying, supervising, and tracking all aspects of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics.

The purpose of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics is to ensure that fruits and vegetables are of good quality from the field to the hands of consumers. However, during circulation, the connection between various links often breaks, resulting in high costs of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, difficulty in ensuring quality, and unclear division of responsibilities. The application of Internet of Things technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics can realize information transparency between regulatory authorities, fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics enterprises, and consumers, and achieve the purpose of querying, supervising, and tracking all aspects of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics.

The Logistics industry is the first industry to come into contact with the Internet of Things. Smart logistics is one of the six strategic applications for the vigorous development of the Internet of Things in the next 10 to 15 years. The application of Internet of Things technology to the logistics field has promoted the rapid development of the logistics system and promoted the logistics industry. Development has entered a new era of development - the era of smart logistics. The development of smart logistics has brought opportunities and challenges to all fields of logistics, making some previously uncontrollable factors transparent and responsible. It effectively connects the complex and diverse links in logistics operations, while reducing logistics costs and improving logistics efficiency, allowing consumers to shop easily and with confidence. This article takes fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics as the research object. The core technology of the Internet of Things is applied to all aspects of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, and an overall framework for the application of Internet of Things technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics is constructed.

1. Analysis of the Current Situation of Fruit and Vegetable Cold Chain Logistics

At present, my country ranks first in the world in terms of planting area and output of fruits and vegetables. About 400 million tons of fresh agricultural products enter the circulation field every year. Due to the backward preservation industry and primitive storage and consumption methods, according to statistics, 80 million tons of fruits and vegetables rot every year. The rate of decay is the highest in the world. The main reason for this huge waste is that there are problems with the circulation of fruits and vegetables from the field to the consumer's table, and there is no coherent fruit and vegetable food industry chain. From the planting, procurement, transportation, storage, processing to sales of fruits and vegetables, no effective economic interests have been formed. Farmers are only responsible for planting fruits and vegetables, fruit and vegetable dealers are only responsible for purchasing and selling, and third-party logistics companies are only responsible for transportation and storage. Coordination among these stakeholders is difficult, the division of responsibilities is unclear, and whether consumers can buy high-quality and low-priced fruits and vegetables depends entirely on luck.

According to statistics, 60% of fruits and vegetables are sold in the current season every year, and the remaining 35% to 40% require refrigeration. Cold chain logistics plays a very important role in the circulation of fruits and vegetables, and is an important factor in ensuring the quality of fruits and vegetables and stabilizing market prices of fruits and vegetables. However, there is currently a huge gap between the development level of my country's fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics and the world's advanced logistics level: the cold chain logistics circulation rate is low, the cold chain facilities and equipment are not matched, the fruit and vegetable cold chain technology and the construction of the fruit and vegetable cold chain system are in the early stages of exploration, and the fruit and vegetable cold chain Logistics operations and fruit and vegetable transaction costs are both high, 20 percentage points higher on average than in developed countries. With the improvement of people's living standards, the requirements for food quality and freshness are getting higher and higher. Cold chain logistics has attracted people's attention. of general concern.

2. Key technologies for the application of Internet of Things technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics

The core technologies of the Internet of Things include wireless sensor network technology, radio frequency identification technology, QR code technology, M2M object data communication technology, global positioning system technology, micro-electromechanical system technology, and integration of informatization and informatization systems. The most critical and core technology is wireless sensor network technology, because it runs through all levels of the Internet of Things and is an integrated application of other levels of technology. In the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables, it is necessary to identify and track every link in the circulation of fruits and vegetables. Generally, radio frequency identification technology is applied to each link of fruit and vegetable circulation to achieve the seamless connection of all links in the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables, and to control and supervise the circulation of fruits and vegetables. in quality. Currently, the main applications of IoT technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics are as follows.

1. Electronic Product Code (EPC)

The product electronic code is the latest generation of product identification code responsible for the China Article Coding Center. It can uniquely identify objects in the supply chain (including items, boxes, pallets, locations, etc.) globally. EPC is Stored on an RFID tag, which contains a silicon chip and an antenna. When the EPC tag is read, it can be connected with some dynamic data. And use the Internet to realize the transmission of information.

2. Radio frequency identification technology (RFID)

Radio frequency identification technology is currently a relatively advanced non-contact identification technology. It is attached to trackable items and can be circulated around the world to identify, read and write them. RFID tags store standardized and interoperable information. The wireless data communication network automatically collects them into the central information system to realize the identification of fruits and vegetables and other commodities, and then realizes information exchange and sharing through an open computer network to achieve "transparent" management of items. It has the characteristics of being able to be updated at any time, easy to scan, fast in scanning speed, capable of scanning multiple targets both visible and invisible, and low in cost. It is currently widely used in supermarkets, shopping malls, warehouses, libraries and other places. It is the basis and key technology for the application of Internet of Things technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics.

3. QR code technology

QR code, also known as 2D barcode, is a barcode that stores information in two-dimensional space in the horizontal and vertical directions. QR code technology has the characteristics of large storage capacity, good confidentiality, good tracking performance, strong damage resistance, and low cost. It is mainly used for product quality problem tracing, logistics center, warehousing center, and joint logistics center annual inventory of goods and fixed Assets, playing the role of immediate inventory and immediate decision-making. At the same time, consumers can check the source of the goods by scanning the QR code on the item. .

4. Global Positioning System Technology (GPS)

Global Positioning System is a new generation satellite navigation and positioning system with all-round real-time three-dimensional navigation and positioning capabilities on land, sea and air. As a mobile sensing technology, GPS is an important technology applied to cold chain logistics by the Internet of Things. The combination of GPS and modern communication technology has enabled the method of measuring three-dimensional coordinates on the earth's surface to develop from static to dynamic, from data post-processing to real-time positioning and navigation, which has greatly expanded its application breadth and depth, and has great impact on fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics. Real-time query and positioning of transportation vehicles and items.

5. Savant Network

Savant is a distributed network software responsible for managing and transmitting data related to product electronic codes. The middleware between the interpreter and the Internet. The reader reads the information from the sensors and electronic tags and sends it to Savant. Savant has functions such as data smoothing, data verification and data temporary storage. After the data is processed by Savant, it is sent to the Internet.

3. Application of Internet of Things technology in all aspects of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics

Fruits and vegetables can be divided into seven links from picking to sales. Based on the order of fruit and vegetable circulation, we analyze how Internet of Things technology can ensure the quality of fruits and vegetables in cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables. Throughout the entire process of the application of IoT technology in the quality and safety of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, the application of IoT technology can provide early warning, identify responsibilities, trace loopholes, and ensure the quality and safety of fruit and vegetable circulation.

The application of Internet of Things technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics enables intelligent identification and management of safety and quality issues in fruit and vegetable circulation, fundamentally solving the problems faced by fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics in terms of technology, cost, service, and safety. It ensures the freshness and quality traceability of fruits and vegetables, improves the supply chain management level of fruits and vegetables, and is the future development direction of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics.

4. Overall architecture of the application of Internet of Things technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics

First, advanced Internet of Things technology is introduced into the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables, and information on each link of the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables is collected to achieve real-time information sharing, keep cold chain information flowing, and improve the efficiency of fruit and vegetable circulation. After the information is collected at the information sensing layer, it is processed and transmitted to the higher-level application layer in real time through the network layer to ensure the effective connection of all links in the cold chain and form a unified information platform. Finally, the application layer provides unified information resource support based on user needs to serve end users.