the ID card of prefabricated components In the era of intelligent construction

Prefabricated buildings are like building cars, that is, various building components such as wall panels and stairs are produced in factories, but unlike auto parts that can be assembled in the workshop, building components need to be transported to the construction site for "assembly". It is precisely because of the addition of a factory transportation link that to some extent, it has caused certain troubles to the whole process management of components.

The construction industry is moving towards the era of the Internet of Things

In prefabricated components, the "parts" of prefabricated buildings, identity chips that can be identified by "scanning" have begun to be embedded. This kind of automatic collection technology that embeds RFID chips into items and remotely identifies item information through RFID Readers when needed. The reason why it is widely known is that the bus card or car key that everyone carries in their pockets is actually the practical application of this technology; the reason why it is less known is that it is reflected in the current prefabricated construction industry, many people in the front line of construction Operators still lack the concept of information management of prefabricated components in their minds. In fact, the application of RFID in the field of prefabricated buildings is far more than a simple operation of scanning components, because what drives the continuous development of RFID technology is a huge force that can change the status quo of the industry—the Internet of Things.

In 2021, eight departments including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Office of the Central Cybersecurity and Informatization Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the National Health Commission, and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the The "Three-Year Action Plan for New Infrastructure Construction of the Internet of Things (2021-2023)" clearly pointed out that in terms of intelligent construction, it is necessary to accelerate the development of smart sensors, radio frequency identification (RFID), two-dimensional codes, near-field communication, and low power consumption. The application of WAN and other Internet of Things technologies in the production, procurement and transportation of building materials and parts, BIM collaborative design, smart construction sites, smart operation and maintenance, and smart buildings, and the use of Internet of Things technologies to improve the level of intelligent management and supervision of construction quality, personnel safety, and green construction .

In other words, with the popularization and application of RFID technology, in the process of production, transportation, stacking, hoisting, and maintenance of prefabricated building components in the future, there will be less and less demand for human labor such as visual observation and manual recording, and the industrialization of buildings , The degree of informatization will become higher and higher. RFID technology is like creating a nervous system for identifying component information. People only need to sit firmly in the control center to quickly understand where all components come from and where they are going, and make decisions about them. Any one of them can be controlled precisely.

When the chip is pre-embedded into the prefabricated concrete component at a depth of 200 mm, the operator can quickly read the exclusive and unique " "identity" information - this is simply the "identity card" of the prefabricated component!

It is worth mentioning that RFID electronic tags have more powerful functions than ID Cards. The information on the RFID chip also includes which construction project the component will be shipped to, and the information will also be uploaded to the supervision system of the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau simultaneously, so that It meets the needs of modern enterprises in the construction industry for the information management of the entire life cycle of concrete prefabricated components from production, delivery, assembly, and maintenance, and assists regulatory authorities in the intelligent management of prefabricated components. For precast concrete component factories, RFID readers can be installed anywhere in the factory, such as the gate of the factory, at the weighbridge, outside the warehouse management office area, etc., so that technicians can keep track of the production volume and shipment volume of products , Timely and efficient supply coordination. In addition, the chip embedded in the component is also highly stable and safe, with a working temperature range of -40°C to 85°C and a data storage time of up to 50 years, fully adapting to the outdoor construction conditions of concrete prefabricated parts.

When smart construction is in progress

It is foreseeable that with the rapid development of intelligent construction, RFID technology will be more and more organically combined with building information modeling (BIM) technology, becoming the link of information sharing in the prefabricated construction industry chain. In the component transportation stage, the RFID tag code embedded in the prefabricated component will effectively solve the impact caused by the confusing component; in the on-site construction stage, the Honglu RFID reader will quickly upload the information contained in the chip in the incoming component To the control center, the control center will command the hoisting center to hoist the components according to the information in the BIM system. This will mean that, on the one hand, the combination of RFID and BIM can ensure the integrity of component information, speed up information transmission, reduce potential errors when manually entering information, and achieve zero errors. On the other hand, the actual progress of the construction site and other related information can also Real-time feedback to the prefabricated component production factory through the BIM system, and the factory adjusts the component production plan according to the feedback of the construction site progress information, so that the probability of waiting for work and materials is almost zero, and the information sharing between upstream and downstream enterprises is realized, which is conducive to the smooth progress of the project conduct.

Accelerating the coordinated development of intelligent construction and new construction industrialization is the primary task proposed in the "14th Five-Year Plan" construction industry development plan in 2022. Through intelligent technologies such as RFID technology and BIM technology, design units, production units, construction units, etc. can work together on the same platform to achieve optimal allocation of resources. All links are fully coordinated based on the platform, breaking the restrictions of enterprise boundaries and geographical boundaries, and realizing effective Links and information sharing will eventually form a new ecological relationship circle for the modernization of the construction industry.

Prefabricated parts life cycle tracking management process

1. Prefabricated parts production stage

During the production of prefabricated parts, RFID tags are installed on the components. The RFID tags mainly record basic information such as the manufacturer, production date and product inspection records. The inspection records mainly include molds, steel cages, aluminum windows, embedded parts, electromechanical, 10 items including product size, maintenance, tile and shipment inspection. At the same time, the product number (ID) of the component corresponding to the design drawing and construction drawing should be recorded. This product number is unique to the component, which is also the basis for the component to be identified in the future. At the same time, according to the analysis of the required information at each stage, combined with appropriate coding principles, the component information is input into the RFID tag in the form of code, and the RFID tag becomes the "identity" symbol of the component.

2. Prefabricated parts transportation stage

The transportation process of prefabricated concrete is the process of transporting the components produced in the factory to the construction site for installation and splicing. The transportation process of prefabricated components should include four links: loading, transportation, unloading and stacking. The management content of this stage involves more logistics management. Since prefabricated components are a relatively special product that requires professional loading and unloading teams for loading and unloading, their transportation, stacking, and hoisting are often completed by component suppliers.

3. Prefabricated parts entering and stacking stage

After the components are transported to the construction site, they need to be temporarily stacked in the yard. At this stage, the components need to be maintained, monitored and positioned daily. The stacking sequence should be strictly in accordance with the construction and installation sequence. After the component arrives at the yard, it is necessary to master the basic information of the component and check the storage status at any time. Register the specific stacking position of the components to ensure that the target components can be found accurately and quickly when installation is required.

4. Prefabricated parts installation stage

RFID technology can not only realize real-time positioning of components, but also monitor the progress and quality of component installation. Since each component will carry its corresponding technical documents and RFID tags at the same time during installation, the installation engineer can correspond the components with the installation construction drawings one by one according to the information in the technical documents and RFID tags. The RFID tags include component numbers, connection Engineering Basic information such as project number, connection engineering technical standards, etc.