Research on the application of RFID Internet of Things technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics

At present, my country ranks first in the world in terms of planting area and output of fruits and vegetables. About 400 million tons of fresh agricultural products enter the circulation field every year. Due to the backward preservation industry and primitive storage and consumption methods, according to statistics, 80 million tons of fruits and vegetables rot every year. Fruits and vegetables The rate of decay is the highest in the world. The main reason for this huge waste is that there are problems with the circulation of fruits and vegetables from the field to the consumer's table, and there is no coherent fruit and vegetable food industry chain: from the planting, procurement, transportation, storage, processing to sales of fruits and vegetables, there is no effective link. As the main economic stakeholders, farmers only grow fruits and vegetables, fruit and vegetable dealers only purchase and sell, and third-party logistics companies only responsible for transportation and storage. Coordination among these stakeholders is difficult, the division of responsibilities is unclear, and whether consumers can buy high-quality and low-priced fruits and vegetables depends entirely on luck. According to statistics, 60% of fruits and vegetables are sold in the current season every year, and the remaining 35% to 40% require refrigeration. Cold chain logistics plays a very important role in the circulation of fruits and vegetables, and is an important factor in ensuring the quality of fruits and vegetables and stabilizing market prices of fruits and vegetables. However, there is currently a huge gap between the development level of my country's fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics and the world's advanced logistics level: the cold chain logistics circulation rate is low, the cold chain facilities and equipment are not matched, the fruit and vegetable cold chain technology and the construction of the fruit and vegetable cold chain system are in the initial stage of exploration, and the fruit and vegetable cold chain Logistics operations and fruit and vegetable transaction costs are both high, 20 percentage points higher on average than in developed countries. With the improvement of people's living standards, the requirements for food quality and freshness are getting higher and higher. Cold chain logistics has attracted people's attention. of general concern.

2 Key technologies for the application of RFID Internet of Things technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics

The core technologies of RFID Internet of Things include wireless sensor network technology, radio frequency identification technology, QR code technology, M2M object data communication technology, global positioning system technology, micro-electromechanical system technology and two-informatization integration system, etc. The most critical and core technology is wireless sensor network technology, because it runs through all levels of the RFID Internet of Things and is an integrated application of other levels of technology. In the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables, it is necessary to identify and track every link in the circulation of fruits and vegetables. Generally, radio frequency identification technology is applied to each link of the circulation of fruits and vegetables to realize the seamless connection of all links in the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables, and to control and supervise the circulation of fruits and vegetables. in quality. At present, the main applications of RFID IoT technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics are as follows.

2.1 Electronic Product Code (EPC)

The product electronic code is the latest generation of product identification code responsible for the China Article Coding Center. It can uniquely identify objects in the supply chain (including items, boxes, pallets, locations, etc.) globally. EPC is Stored on an RFID tag. This tag contains a silicon chip and an antenna. When the EPC tag is read, it can be connected with some dynamic data. And use the Internet to realize the transmission of information.

2.2 Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID)

Radio frequency identification technology is currently a relatively advanced non-contact identification technology. It is attached to trackable items and can be circulated around the world to identify, read and write them. RFID tags store standardized and interoperable information. Through The wireless data communication network automatically collects them into the central information system to realize the identification of fruits and vegetables and other commodities, and then realizes information exchange and sharing through the open computer network to achieve "transparent" management of items. It has the characteristics of being able to be updated at any time, easy to scan, fast to scan, capable of scanning multiple targets both visible and invisible, and low in cost. Currently widely used in supermarkets, shopping malls, warehouses, libraries and other places, it is the basis and key technology for the application of RFID Internet of Things technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics.

2.3 QR code technology

QR code, also known as two-dimensional bar code, is a bar code that stores information in two-dimensional space in the horizontal and vertical directions. QR code technology has the characteristics of large storage capacity, good confidentiality, good tracking performance, strong damage resistance, and low cost. It is mainly used for product quality problem tracing, logistics center, warehousing center, and joint logistics center annual inventory of goods and fixed Assets, playing the role of immediate inventory and immediate decision-making. At the same time, consumers can check the source of the goods by scanning the QR code on the item. .

2.4 Global Positioning System Technology (GPS)

Global Positioning System is a new generation satellite navigation and positioning system with all-round real-time three-dimensional navigation and positioning capabilities on sea, land and air. As a mobile sensing technology, GPS is an important technology for the application of RFID Internet of Things in cold chain logistics. The combination of GPS and modern communication technology has enabled the method of measuring three-dimensional coordinates on the earth's surface to develop from static to dynamic, from data post-processing to real-time positioning and navigation, which has greatly expanded its application breadth and depth, and has great impact on fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics. Real-time query and positioning of transportation vehicles and items.

2.5 Savant Network

Savant is a distributed network software responsible for managing and transmitting data related to product electronic codes. The middleware between the interpreter and the Internet. The reader reads the information from the sensors and electronic tags and sends it to Savant. Savant has functions such as data smoothing, data verification and data temporary storage. After the data is processed by Savant, it is sent to the Internet.

3. Application of RFID Internet of Things technology in all aspects of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics

Fruits and vegetables can be divided into seven links from picking to sales. Based on the order of fruit and vegetable circulation, we analyze how RFID IoT technology can ensure the quality of fruits and vegetables in cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables. Throughout the entire process of the application of RFID IoT technology in the quality and safety of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, the application of RFID IoT technology can provide early warning, identify responsibilities, trace loopholes, and ensure the quality and safety of fruit and vegetable circulation.

The application of RFID Internet of Things technology in the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables enables the intelligent identification and management of safety and quality issues in the circulation of fruits and vegetables, fundamentally solving the problems faced by the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables in terms of technology, cost, service, and safety. It ensures the freshness and quality traceability of fruits and vegetables, improves the supply chain management level of fruits and vegetables, and is the future development direction of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics.

4. Overall architecture of the application of RFID Internet of Things technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics

This article uses the currently commonly used three-tier architecture system to analyze the RFID Internet of Things technology architecture for fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics. First, the advanced RFID Internet of Things technology is introduced into the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables, collecting information on each link of the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables, realizing real-time information sharing, keeping the cold chain information flowing, and improving the efficiency of fruit and vegetable circulation. After the information is collected at the information sensing layer, it is processed and transmitted to the higher-level application layer in real time through the network layer to ensure the effective connection of all links in the cold chain and form a unified information platform. Finally, the application layer provides unified information resource support based on user needs to serve end users. The overall architecture of the RFID IoT application system for fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics is divided into three layers, as shown in Figure 2.

The purpose of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics is to ensure that fruits and vegetables are of good quality from the field to the hands of consumers. However, during circulation, connections between various links often break, resulting in high costs for fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, difficulty in ensuring quality, and unclear division of responsibilities. The application of RFID Internet of Things technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics can realize information transparency between regulatory authorities, fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics enterprises, and consumers, and achieve the purpose of querying, supervising, and tracking all aspects of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics.

4.1 Information perception layer

The information sensing layer is mainly based on RFID Internet of Things core technologies. After the fruits and vegetables are picked, the unified EPC code identification is first implanted into the fruits and vegetables, and reading and writing is installed in the warehousing, transportation, processing, packaging, distribution and other links involved in the cold chain logistics of fruits and vegetables. The device automatically identifies information in each link of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, and reads or identifies the quality information of fruits and vegetables; it uses wireless sensors, wired monitoring equipment, and information input terminals to collect storage, transportation, processing, sales and other information in real time. RFID Internet of Things technology simultaneously dynamically manages all information on fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics, achieving comprehensive control of information related to fruit and vegetable quality.

4.2 Network communication transport layer

The network transmission layer uses various network technologies and their fusion technologies to transmit perceived information to the fruit and vegetable supply chain information platform with high quality and security, realizing massive data transmission and sharing, and realizing the need for "things to be connected". This layer takes M2M technology as the core and combines long-distance connection technologies (such as GSM, UMTS, etc.) and short-range connection technologies (such as Zib Bee, Blue-Tooth, wifi, UWB, etc.) to realize the connection between people, things, and systems in the fruit and vegetable industry chain. communication; input the information obtained by the data collection layer into a certain fruit and vegetable industry chain information network through readers, sensor network gateways, communication systems and network access equipment. The fruit and vegetable industry chain information network uses the Internet as a bridge to realize fruit and vegetable industry chain information. Quality information is interconnected safely and efficiently in radio and television networks, communication networks and other private networks.

4.3 Application service layer

The application layer solves the problems of information processing and human-computer interface. The data transmitted from the network layer enters various information systems for processing at this layer, and interacts with people through various devices. First of all, we should understand the needs of people in the fruit and vegetable cold chain Logistics industry, and understand what services the system should provide based on the needs. The main members who pay attention to the quality of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics include: government regulatory authorities, cold chain related enterprises and final consumers. As a government regulatory department, it is responsible for supervising, managing and controlling the quality of fruits and vegetables. It needs to know all the information in the cold chain circulation of fruits and vegetables. RFID IoT technology needs to allow the government regulatory department to know the information at any time, and can provide cold chain logistics companies with A platform for communication and exchange; as a cold chain-related enterprise, it is first necessary to master the dynamic information of the fruit and vegetable cold chain at each time point, and secondly, it is necessary to share this information in a timely manner with upstream and downstream enterprises through the RFID Internet of Things platform to achieve efficient transmission of fruit and vegetable circulation information and ensure circulation. Every link in the process is smooth; as the final consumers of fruits and vegetables, they are most concerned about the safety and freshness of fruits and vegetables. When purchasing fruits and vegetables, the whole process of traceable information can be realized, so as to achieve the purpose of buying with confidence.

The application of RFID IoT technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics has achieved certain results. Monitoring the information at each stage of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics is conducive to the supervision and effectiveness of government regulatory agencies, and achieves the purpose of no-dead-end management; there are It helps fruit and vegetable companies strengthen food safety operation management, stabilize and expand consumer groups, and enhance market competitiveness; it helps consumers consume with confidence and enjoy "fresh fruit and vegetable" food easily.