Application of RFID technology in prefabricated building construction management

At present, the progress of prefabricated construction is mainly restricted by factors such as the speed of component production and transportation methods. Design changes are detrimental to the production of components, and "mistakes, omissions, collisions, and defects" may easily occur during the installation process. Therefore, integrating BIM and RFID and applying it to the entire process management from component production to installation will greatly improve production efficiency. The following is a brief analysis of the application of BIM and RFID technology in prefabricated building construction management.

1. Application of BIM technology in prefabricated building construction management

The application of BIM technology in prefabricated building construction management mainly includes three parts: construction site management, 5D dynamic cost control and visual disclosure.

(1) Construction site management. BIM-based construction site management means simulating the construction process of the main construction machinery through computer virtual construction site layout before construction, while ensuring that the tower crane lifting range covers the entire construction surface while minimizing the crossing of the crane arm; simulating the main material site layout , reduce or even avoid secondary handling.

(2) 5D dynamic cost control based on BIM. BIM-based 5D dynamic construction cost control is to add time and cost to the 3D model to form a 5D building information model. Through virtual construction, you can see whether the on-site material stacking, project progress, and capital investment are reasonable, and discover the actual construction process in a timely manner. problems existing in the project, optimize the construction period and resource allocation, adjust resources and capital investment in real time, optimize the construction period and cost targets, and form an optimal building model to guide the next step of construction (see Figure 1).

In this system, first, a BIM model needs to be established, and all information related to the project must be entered into the BIM model, mainly including basic information about components (such as name, specifications and models, suppliers); secondly, in the three-dimensional model Time parameters and cost plans are added to each component to form a 5D BIM model; again, the computer is used to perform a 5D virtual construction display of BIM based on the additional time and cost parameters. Through virtual construction, you can check whether the progress or cost plan is reasonable, and various Whether the logical relationship is accurate, timely discover various problems and risks that may arise during the construction process, and modify and adjust the model and plan according to the problems that arise, then optimize the BIM model, adjust the schedule and cost plan, and carry out the optimized model Virtual construction, if no problems are found after virtual construction, the implementation can be guided.

In addition, various changes during the construction process can be well handled using BIM technology. When design changes occur during the construction process, BIM is used to associate the changes into the model and reflect changes in project quantities and costs at the same time, allowing decision-makers to have a clearer understanding of the impact of design changes on the cost and to promptly adjust funding and investment plans.

(3) Visual technology disclosure. Visual communication refers to using BIM technology to virtually display each construction process before construction, especially full-scale three-dimensional display of new technologies, new processes and complex nodes, which effectively reduces misunderstandings caused by human subjective factors and makes the communication more intuitive. , easier to understand, making communication between departments more efficient.

2. Application of RFID technology in prefabricated building construction management

Different from traditional construction work management, the construction management process of prefabricated buildings can be divided into five links: production, transportation, admission, storage and hoisting. Whether we can timely and accurately grasp the manufacturing, transportation, arrival and other information of various components during the construction process greatly affects the progress management and construction procedures of the entire project. Effective component information at the construction site is beneficial to the various components and accessories on site. and the stacking of parts systems to reduce secondary handling.

However, the information in the traditional material management method is not only prone to errors, but also has a certain lag. In order to solve the disconnection problem between the production and construction process of prefabricated buildings, the author discusses the application of RFID technology in the entire process of prefabricated building construction. Its application links And the method is shown in Figure 2.

(1) Component production stage. In the component prefabrication stage, first, the prefabricator in the prefabrication field uses a reading and writing device to write all the information of the component or part (such as the size of the prefabricated column, maintenance information, etc.) into the RFID chip. According to the user's needs and the current encoding method , and at the same time draw lessons from the coding rules of the Engineering contract list to code the components (see Figure 3). Then, the production staff will implant the RFID chip with all the information of the component into the component or part system, so that the staff at each stage can read and check the relevant information.

K1-3: Project name, expressed in English letters. Projects with less than three letters should be completed with 0 in front. For example: Olympic projects are expressed as 0AY;

K4-5: Unit project code, using numerical codes from 1 to 99, such as: Building No. 9 of the Olympic Village, expressed as 09;

K6: Aboveground/underground engineering, underground is represented as 0, and above ground is represented as 1;

K7-8: Floor number, for example: the 9th floor above ground is represented as 09;

K9: Component type, such as: Column-C, Beam-B, Floor-F,…;

K10-12: Quantity coding;

K13-14: Job status, this column belongs to the status column and is updated with the status of the RFID collected information, such as warehousing

Stage-CC, installation stage-AZ,…;

K15-17: Expansion area.

(2) Component transportation stage. In the component transportation stage, RFID chips are mainly implanted into transportation vehicles to collect vehicle transportation status at any time and seek the shortest distance and shortest time routes, thereby effectively reducing transportation costs and accelerating project progress.

(3) Component entry and storage management stage. After the card reader in the Access Control system receives the admission information of the transport vehicle, it immediately notifies the relevant personnel to conduct admission inspection and on-site acceptance. After passing the acceptance, it is transported to the designated location for stacking in accordance with regulations, and the arrival information of the components is entered into the RFID chip. , so that you can check the component presence information and usage status in the future.

(4) Component hoisting stage. The ground staff and the construction machinery operators each hold readers and monitors. The ground staff reads the relevant information of the components, and the results are immediately displayed on the monitor. The mechanical operators carry out hoisting in sequence according to the information on the monitor, which is done in one step, saving time and effort. . In addition, the use of RFID technology can achieve precise positioning in a small area, which can quickly locate and arrange transportation vehicles and improve work efficiency.

3. Integrated application of BIM and RFID in construction process management of construction projects

In modern information management systems, BIM and RFID belong to two systems - construction control and material supervision. Combine BIM and RFID technology to establish a modern information technology platform (the architecture of the construction process management system for construction projects based on BIM and RFID is shown in Figure (4)). That is, two attributes are added to the database of the BIM model - location attributes and The progress attribute allows us to obtain the position information and progress information of the component in the model in software applications. The specific applications are as follows:

(1) Component production and transportation stage. The database established by the BIM model is used as the data basis. The information collected by RFID is transferred to the basic database in a timely manner and matched with the model through the defined location attributes and progress attributes. In addition, through the information fed back by RFID, we can accurately predict whether the components can enter the site as planned, and make a comparative analysis between the actual progress and the planned progress. If there is any deviation, adjust the schedule or construction process in a timely manner to avoid delays in work or accumulation of component parts. As well as space and fund occupation, etc.

(2) Component admission and on-site management stage. When the components enter, the component information read by the RFID Reader is transferred to the database and matched with the position attributes and progress attributes in the BIM model to ensure the accuracy of the information; at the same time, through the position attributes of the components defined in the BIM model, The area where each component is located can be clearly displayed. When components or materials are Stored, components can be stacked point-to-point to avoid secondary handling.

(3) Component hoisting stage. If there is only a BIM model, relying solely on manual input of hoisting information is not only prone to errors but also detrimental to the timely transmission of information; if there is only RFID, component information can only be viewed in the database, abstract imagination can be done through two-dimensional drawings, and personal supervisors can Judgment, the results may vary. BIM-RFID is conducive to the timely transmission of information and presents timely progress comparison and second-calculation comparison from specific three-dimensional views.